1. Ethical Hacking

• Goal: Find and fix security problems in systems before bad hackers can exploit them.
• How: Hackers use safe methods to test vulnerabilities.
• Example: Testing a bank’s app for weaknesses in logins or transactions.
• Why it’s cool: Protects systems and makes the internet safer for everyone.

2. Smurf Attack

• Goal: Overload a victim’s network using fake traffic.
• How: Sends fake requests to many devices, tricking them into flooding the target.
• Example: Like sending thousands of fake pizza orders to one house.
• Why it’s cool: Helps learn how attackers use simple tricks to cause big disruptions.

3. UDP Flooding

• Goal: Jam a network by sending tons of useless UDP data.
• How: Attackers send nonstop UDP packets to overwhelm resources.
• Example: Like a prank caller dialing a phone so others can’t reach it.
• Why it’s cool: Shows how overloading weak systems can paralyze them.

4. SYN Attack